Cómo usar el GERUNDIO y el INFINITIVO en inglés ��

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INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS                                                                                                         

3 basic verb forms:        V-ING.   Gerund or Present Participle.

TO-INF. Infinitive  ( with "to" )

INF.       Infinitive ( without "to" )

USES OF THE GERUND: (V-ING)

1.- The gerund is used as a noun:

          Smoking is bad for your health.                                                                      

          Her hobby is painting.

2.- It´s used  after prepositions:

           Touch your toes without bending your knees.

            After swimming I felt cold.

            He is thinking of NOT going abroad.

 3.- After verbs such as:

IMAGINE       INVOLVE            PRACTISE

ENJOY           DENY                  MISS                   POSTPONE

MIND               AVOID                ADMIT              SUGGEST

    * DENY / REGRET / SUGGEST + THAT + SUBJECT + VERB

4.-  After certain idiomatic expressions:  

THERE / IT´S NO USE ( non paga a pena)

CAN´T HELP (non poder evitar)

BE FED UP WITH (estar farto de)

CAN´T STAND (non poder soportar, aturar)

CAN´T BEAR (non poder soportar)

FEEL LIKE (apetecer)

GO +ing (para actividades de recreo): Go hiking/ dancing.

 IT´S ( NOT ) WORTH sightseeing ( non merecer a pena)

THERE IS (NO) POINT IN (no hai necesidade de)

 TO BE/GET USED TO (estar acostumado a/acostumarse a)

 LOOK FORWARD TO (desexar)

 PREFER+gerund TO+gerund (preferir__________ a __________)

NEED (en sentido pasivo): Your car needs cleaning.

                       
                         It´s no worth wasting your time.

                        She was used to getting up early.

                        I´ m looking forward to hearing from you.

                        I prefer going out to staying here.

USES OF TO-INFINITIVE

1.- Infinitive of purpose.

       Why did you go out? To post a letter.

       We shouted to warn them of the danger.

       *Knives are for cutting. (in a general sense)

2.- SomeVerbs with to-infinitive.

AGREE             MANAGE          HOPE             AFFORD

REFUSE           DECIDE            APPEAR         LEARN

PROMISE         PLAN                SEEM

OFFER             ARRANGE        PRETEND

  

     I hope to pass my exams.

     We decided not to go to Paris.

3.-  Verb +( Complement ) + TO-INF.

WANT              HELP                 INVITE                   WOULD LIKE

ASK                 TELL                  WARN                   WOULD PREFER

ADVISE            EXPECT            REMIND                ENCOURAGE

          She wanted to stay instead of going.

          She wanted me to stay.

4.- TO-INF with some constructions.

    

     4.1.- Pronoun/noun + to-infinitive:

             We have some homework / something to do.

   

     4.2.- Too + adjective + to-infinitive:

             This is too hot to drink.

       

     4.3.- Enough + noun + to-infinitive:

             There is enough water for everybody to drink.

    

      4.4.- Adjective/adverb + enough + to-infinitive.

              This boy is old enough to watch this film.

5.- Verbs followed by a gerund or infinitive.

      

      5.1.- Stop

               He stopped smoking last year. (deixou de fumar).

               He stopped to smoke a  cigarette. (Parou  para fumar).

      5.2.- Try

               He tried adding salt and water.(probar, experimentar)

               Martin tried to pass the test. (tentar, facer o esforzo)

      5.3.- Remember /forget / regret.

           A.- She will never forget visiting London. (a acción de visitar é anterior)

                 David always forgets to visit his aunt. (a acción de visitar é posterior á

                                                                             de esquecer)

           B.- I remember  closing the door.( a acción de pechar é anterior/ lémbrome

                                                                 de ter pechado a porta)

                 I remembered to close the door. (a acción de pechar é posterior / lembro

                                                                  que teño que pechar a porta).

           C.- She regrets wasting so much money. (xa gastou os cartos e laméntao)

                 She regrets to waste so much money. ( Lamenta ter que gastalo)

      

        5.4.- Con advise, allow, permit y recommend.

                  Se o nome ou pronome non se menciona ponse o xerundio. Se se

                   menciona ponse o  infinitivo con to.

                         I advised him to sell the car.

                         I advised selling the car.

        5.5.-Like , love, hate e prefer van  normalmente seguidos de xerundio cando se disfruta facendo algo (= enjoy). Tamén as veces significa que a acción xa se realizou.

                         She likes swimming.

            But   I like to have a shower everyday. (Non disfruta facéndoo senón que cre que é o que se   debe facer) 

                        

                Cando estes verbos van en condicional úsase o infinitivo con to.

                         She would like to go abroad. 

        5.6.- Finish, Begin, start. Van seguidos de xerundio ou infinitivo sen cambio no significado.

USES OF THE BARE INFINITIVE (INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO).

1.- Modal verbs (except : have to / ought to / need)

2. MAKE: They made me pay.

3.- LET: Let me go!

4.- WOULD RATHER:I would rather go than stay. (prefer)

5.- HAD BETTER: you had better study English .(advise).

to-infinitive or bare infinitive

Help is a verb that can be used with or without to and with or without an object before the infinitive. When we use it without an infinitive it sometimes sounds more informal. Compare the following:

• Could you help me to look for my car keys? I can't find them anywhere.
  
• Could you help me look for my car keys? I can't find them anywhere.
  
• Would you like to help to cook dinner tonight? It's late and I'm feeling tired.
  
• Would you like to help cook dinner tonight? It's late and I'm feeling tired.

EXERCISES

1. PUT THE VERBS IN BRACKETS IN TO-INFINITIVE, INFINITIVE OR GERUND.

    1. I´d like_______________in bed today. ( STAY )

    2. After_______________ten hours, he resumed the journey. ( SLEEP )

    3. I regret_______________you that I won´t help you. ( TELL )

    4. Stop_______________that stupid noise. ( MAKE )

    5. It´s not worth______________about that. (WORRY )

    6. The teacher usually allows____________class if you are in a hurry. ( LEAVE )

    7. Allow me_______________myself. ( INTRODUCE )

    8. I used to walk this way with my sister. I remember_______________hide and               

        seek with her. ( PLAY )

    9. I can´t stand_______________said what I have to do. (BE )

   10. I forgot how_______________this machine. ( USE )

2.  WRITE THESE VERBS IN TO-INFINITIVE, INFINITIVE OR GERUND.

        SPEND     LOSE     BUY     ARRIVE     DRIVE     SWIM

        SWITCH     GO     WORK     HAVE

    1. He suggested_______________at the bus station at half past six.

    2. They wanted me_______________in the evening and I refused.

    3. I can´t afford_______________so much money on that T.V. set.

    4. We stopped_______________a rest because we had driven too long.

    5. It´s no good_______________after meals.

    6. I´ve decided_______________weight. So, I´m on a diet.

    7. Would you mind_______________the radio off?

    8. My mother reminded me_______________bread on my way back home.

    9. Do you like_______________sightseeing?

   10. Avoid_______________so fast.